The COVID-19 pandemic has been a great challenge for public administration in federative countries. Strategies have ranged from a more cooperative perspective to a more centralized one. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the Judiciary check on the Federal Executive power to shape local policies on deaths and infection in local goverments. To do that, we apply a regression discontinuity design approach for estimating causal inference. at panel dataset for brazillian munucipies during the COVID-19 early stage of pandemic. We explore the Brazilian case, one of the largest countries of the Global South. Our findings show that the check and balance system increased accountability and led to a more efficient policy to face the pandemics challenge. Moreover, despite ideological divergences, mayors were allowed to set non-pharmaceutical measures stricter than the proposed by the Federal Government, which led to fewer cases of infections and fewer deaths.
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