The objective of this article is to analyze the replacement of diesel, in the Brazilian transport sector, by vehicular natural gas (CNG) of fossil and renewable origin (biomethane). As diesel is especially used for heavy road transport, trucks and buses, the action addresses commitments made by Brazil in 2016 in the face of the Paris Agreement. The intentions are to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transportation segment, generating environmental, social and public health benefits. The results of the analysis of the current natural gas-powered fleet show that natural gas is a viable fuel alternative. This set of factors not only contributes to greater energetic efficiency, but also to sustainability policies, taking into consideration that such businesses have clear targets and objectives to decarbonize each of their production processes. It also aids the Brazilian objectives to reach greenhouse gas emissions targets. Although the production and the use of biomethane are not yet representative, it is possible to conclude that this energy source has a high added value.
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