In addition to its biodiversity, the Brazilian Amazon has a variety of energy resources, among which natural gas stands out. This resource has witnessed a new phase of exploratory and productive development in the region, with the reactivation of activities and new commercial discoveries in the Amazonas and Solimões basins. Considering this scenario, this article discusses the role of natural gas in the region's economic, environmental and energy contexts. A literature review was carried out, compiling data from 20 papers and works written from 2002 to 2024. It was observed that natural gas presents market opportunities in the regional metallic mining and steel industries, either as an energy source to replace diesel oil or as an input for alumina production. In addition, natural gas can contribute to the security and diversification of the Amazonian energy matrix c its use in thermoelectric generation, as has been practiced in the state of Roraima through exploration and production in the Amazonas Basin. The production and potential for gas in this basin, as well as its geologic context, could also contribute to the production of blue hydrogen, considering the geological formations that can act as CO2 reservoirs in carbon capture and storage arrangements. Thus, it can be recognized the strategic importance of natural gas for decarbonization, energy transition and security and for sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon and in the country.
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