The study delves into the global energy transition towards decarbonization, emphasizing the significance of electrifying energy demand. It scrutinizes Brazil's 10-year energy plan to identify opportunities and challenges regarding this electrification strategy. A comparative analysis is conducted between Brazil's data and performance indicators from G20 countries and the world average, as outlined by the World Energy Transitions Outlook 2023 report, published by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).
Results reveal that while Brazil surpasses renewable energy targets, electricity's penetration in total energy consumption remains low. The country's heavy reliance on hydroelectricity poses vulnerabilities to climate change. Electrifying energy demand is deemed timely, as increasing electricity's share in final energy consumption is crucial to meet the 1.5°C scenario goals.
The industrial sector emerges as a prime opportunity for electrification, offering potential to bolster national competitiveness and lead the global renewable energy market. There is also a huge opportunity to amplify the use of electricity applied to H2V production, which can be used not only in the industrial sector, but also in the heavy transport sector and for energy storage and export. However, challenges such as investing in R&D+I and in electrical infrastructure, and implementing integrated regulatory policies need to be addressed to attract significant investments.
Indicators related to demand, including industrial, buildings, transportation, and H2V production sectors, are also considered. Brazil exhibits high shares of renewable energy in the industrial and building sectors, but falls short in transportation electrification. Despite H2V's potential, comparative data for Brazil are lacking.
The study stresses the need to increase electricity's share in energy end-use to meet targets. While Brazil already uses electricity in most buildings, transportation electrification focuses on light vehicles and public transport, with biofuels and H2V as alternatives for heavy loads. The industrial sector and H2V production offer significant electrification opportunities, potentially boosting national competitiveness and leading the global renewable energy market.
The electrification of energy demand is deemed crucial in the global energy transition, offering vast business opportunities for Brazil. However, challenges including investment direction and regulatory policies need addressing.
As an active stakeholder, Brazil must reassess its energy strategy to align with global goals effectively. Notably, the indicative planning through the Ten-Year Energy Plan falls short of reflecting challenges towards net zero emissions by 2050. A national energy transition plan is imperative to align with NDC targets.
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