This study investigates the impact of ISO 14001 certification on corporate energy performance, focusing on energy intensity, carbon intensity, electrification ratio, and the use of renewable energy sources in multinational enterprises (MNEs). Utilizing dynamic panel data methods on a sample of 1484 MNEs from 2008 to 2021, it addresses the scarcity of research on the standard's effects on energy consumption and cleaner energy utilization. Contrary to previous research limited by single-country, cross-sectional studies, this study employs a longitudinal, international dataset. The findings reveal mixed effects: while ISO 14001 certification does not significantly affect energy intensity, it is associated with lower carbon intensity and increased use of electricity and renewables, suggesting a shift in energy mix rather than reduced energy consumption. The study concludes that ISO 14001 alone may not effectively promote energy savings but could enhance environmental strategies when combined with specific energy management standards like ISO 50001.
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