The effects of human activity on the environment and climate define what has been called the Anthropocene. It is also important to mention that among the various economic activities, the energy sector appears as the largest emitter of CO². The International Energy Agency (IEA) highlights that the sector is responsible for approximately 75% of CO² emissions. Therefore, when talking about limiting or reducing CO² emissions, we are talking about a structural change in the arrangement of primary sources of energy supply, which reduces the share of fossil sources in favor of renewable sources, or, as is more common , in promoting an energy transition.
Nowadays, national competitiveness is closely linked to a country's ability to develop industries with high energy efficiency, low CO2 and waste emissions. To this end, financing new technologies is a sine qual non condition for the flourishing of this new economy.
Therefore, a national strategy for the energy transition must be thought of as an essential and inherent part of a national socioeconomic development policy, and encompass horizontal and vertical, macro and microeconomic policies. As necessary as the energy transition is, and it is, this is not a trivial process due to its diverse geopolitical, social, economic, technological and financial aspects. Therefore, in this article, the aspects associated with the underlying technological dispute will be addressed more broadly, as well as what is understood to be the most favorable macroeconomic arrangement for promoting the energy transition.
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