Given the scenario of uncertainty regarding the future economic viability of the oil and natural gas industry, and the possibility of international liability in the event of non-execution of decommissioning activities, countries have promoted the updating of their regulations on financial guarantees that ensure resources for the decommissioning of production facilities. Among these countries is Brazil, which in 2021 published a resolution establishing new procedures related to decommissioning guarantees. This article then presents the main international conventions and guidelines related to offshore decommissioning that have motivated oil-producing countries to seek mechanisms to protect their citizens regarding the cost of decommissioning. Next, it is discussed how the issue has been dealt with in Brazil, suggesting the direction in which the current Brazilian regulatory framework should follow to become more efficient and truly ensure that the Brazilian taxpayer is not exposed to the end-of-life activities of the oil industry. .
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