Given the global scenario of greater recognition of the impacts of global climate change and the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reverse this scenario, a series of energy alternatives for the total or partial replacement of traditional fuels have been researched.
This movement is corroborated by several agreements and commitments signed at a supranational level to reduce carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases and, thus, mitigate the impacts of global climate change.
These demands for new fuels have driven an energy transition movement that is reflected in energy planning at national and global levels.
The present study carries out research into these movements, evaluating the national and global adoption of new technologies in advanced fuels and carries out a comparative analysis of these proposals, evaluating their aspects from different dimensions and considering Brazilian specificities and potentialities.
In view of this new global and national scenario, in which several advanced fuels are available and competing for their adoption, the objective of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis, on the most diverse aspects, such as environmental, technical, performance, use of raw materials, production methods, legal, regulatory, among others, of the various advanced fuels that are available on the market or in development, so that it can be used as a reference in decision-making by private sector agents and public policy makers.
For this study, the following techniques and approaches were adopted: review of literature related to the Energy Transition movement, publications and patents related to new advanced fuel production technologies and identification of the main energy planning documents and commitment agreements for energy reductions emissions and greenhouse gases.
For the proposed comparative analysis, research and a survey of the evolution of legal and regulatory frameworks related to both pioneering biofuels (first generation) and advanced fuels were carried out, with the aim of understand the national legal and regulatory framework.
Current and ongoing Brazilian public policy programs and their coverage for the fuels studied were also discussed, to evaluate the induction and stimulation of their application.
Thus, each advanced fuel was related and compared to a reference fossil fuel, which it is intended to replace partially or completely.
The results obtained in the surveys and comparative analyzes carried out were used to measure the extent to which each technological and productive route for each fuel studied contributes to achieving the goals and objectives established both in international agreements and in public actions and policies that have focusing on the Energy Transition towards cleaner and more sustainable fuels.
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