LATE CONCEPTION: SOCIAL ASPECTS AND FREQUENT COMPLICATIONS IN WOMEN'S HEALTH
ABSTRACT
Pregnancy in women over 34 years old is considered late and can be related to several causes, such as the women's desire to invest in their education and career; the postponement of marriage; the high divorce rates with subsequent new marriages and insecurities of the couple. In adittion, another cause is the pro-women movements, which have been assisting women in achieving their rights and freedom since the mid-1970s. Furthermore, other reasons for this situation can also be related to the large and diverse availability of contraceptive methods, to the advances in assisted reproduction technology and to the increase in health concern. Such obstetric phenomenon may cause problems for the mother-fetus binomial. We selected the subject matter of this study in order to identify the current causes of late pregnancy - after 35 years old - and to relate them to complications due to physiological and organic changes in female body. Through the MedLine and Lilacs databases, we were able to make a bibliographic survey from 2015 to 2020 by using the keywords "female conception", "maternal age" and "pregnancy complications". Initially, six articles were selected, however, one of them was excluded after reading because it did not properly refer to the subject of late conception and its social aspects and complications. With regard to maternal complications, they are: spontaneous abortion in the first trimester, premature rupture of ovular membranes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Hypertension is the most frequent complication in pregnancy, which occurs mainly in older women. These risks, such as changes in oocyte quality and structure, changes in ovulation frequency and efficiency; decrease in sexual function; higher chances of pre-existing chronic diseases and deterioration of the myometrial function, derive from the ovarian senility. Thus, the reproductive history may become progressively more complicated as pregnant woman age increases. In conclusion, these findings suggest that, since pregnancy in women over 35 years old is increasing in Brazil, its complications are equally increasing.
Keywords: late conception. pregnancy complications. maternal age.
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