Evaluation of the adherence to the 2019 Measles Vaccination Campaign and its implications
Introduction: According to the Epidemiological Report from December 2019, 57.619 suspected cases of measles were notified. The National Campaign for Measles Vaccination started on October 7, with the D-Day being October 19, when the Healthcare Units performed the immunization. At the campaign’s starting point, 18 states of Brazil had registered the virus presence; at the end of 2019, all states already had confirmed cases. The concern with adults was due to the high transmissibility, especially with the lack of triple viral’s second dose. Objective: To evaluate the target group accession to 2019 Measles Vaccination Campaign and understand their reasons for choosing not to vaccinate, in addition to investigating the knowledge and sociocultural established with the vaccination process. Method: It is a transversal study accomplished through a questionnaire application, approved by an ethics committee in 2019. 150 residentes from São Paulo’s extreme southside participated in the study. The selection criteria were: to reside in the area and be at least 18 years old. Samples were 82% feminine, age varied from 18 to 72 years old (40.7 years average), with 45% being white and 73% having at least a high school degree. Data was computed on Microsoft Excel, described on relative frequency and statistically analised with Cochran’s G test. Results/Discussion: Most participants knew about measles vaccine compared to other vaccines (p=0,0000), however, 48% were not vaccinated during the 2019 campaign. According to DATASUS data, vaccination coverage for the state of São Paulo was 93,9%. Both rates are below the 95% goal established by the Ministry of Health. 35% of participants stated that there was no active search in the area where they reside, being that 58% of them did not participate in the campaign. 15,5% don’t consider vaccines safe, which can justify the fact that 52% of this group have not been vaccinated against measles. However, 97,5% believe on the effects promoted by vaccination. 16% are afraid to be vaccinated, and 50% of those had not been vaccinated against measles. When asked why, 29% affirmed to have fear of needles, 25% feared collateral effects and 4% believe that is not necessary. These data are consistent with current literature. Yet, adverse events are infrequents and non-serious, so that the benefits outweigh the risks, highlighting the importance of good communication between professional and patient. The main source of information about vaccination was TV/radio, with 43% (p=0,0000). 43,5% of the participants who do not agree with mandatory vaccination, did not get vaccinated in the campaign. However, since the National Immunization Plan creation (1970), vaccination is mandatory and its promotion among minors is citizen’s duty. Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that, although not considered safe by a significant part of the population, brazilians stills give vaccination credibility. Besides that, the dissemination of false informations about side effects contributes to the lack of reliability in vaccines. The importance of expanding health communication and the good relationship between user and SUS professionals was present in all problems mentioned, from ineffective conduct of active searches to the ignorance about the importance of the National Immunization Plan and its benefits to the population.
Keywords: Measles, Vaccination, Immunization Programs, Health Communication.
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