SISTEMAS ELETRÔNICOS DE LIBERAÇÃO DE NICOTINA: EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS DE SEUS EFEITOS RESPIRATÓRIOS E CARDIOVASCULARES

SISTEMAS ELETRÔNICOS DE LIBERAÇÃO DE NICOTINA: EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS DE SEUS EFEITOS RESPIRATÓRIOS E CARDIOVASCULARES

• Autor
• Geovanna de Oliveira Araújo Silva
• Co-autores
• Paôlla Nayme Martins Morais Nicolau , Thaís Ribeiro Garcia , Rafaela Melo Macedo , Mariana Ribeiro Rodrigues Alves , Jalsi Tacon Arruda
• Resumo

• ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS: CURRENT EVIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS

  Abstract

  The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as electronic cigarettes, became popular on the premise of being less harmful than traditional cigarettes, which was possible due to a positive image built by tobacco industry. Nevertheless, it is scientifically known that the use of e-cigarettes has carcinogenic and pro-inflammatory effects, affecting cognition, behavior, academic performance, along with alterations in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of ENDS in respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In this review, 15 clinical trials, published between 2015 and 2020 in English, were retrieved. The data was accessed from National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using the search terms “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems”, “E-cigarette vapor”, “cardiovascular” and “respiratory”. The results revealed that e-cigarettes promote airway obstruction, airway injury, reduction of cough reflex sensitivity and of urge-to cough threshold. Moreover, ENDS’ use leads to decrease of transcutaneous oxygen tension and disruption of lung homeostasis by changing the expression of small airways and alveolar macrophages genes, despite not altering lung function. In relation to cardiovascular alterations, these devices induce increases in heart rate, arterial stiffness, endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial microparticles, besides activating oxidative stress, hence elevating cardiovascular risk. All these modifications were acute, as a result of the methodological design of the studies, which had limitations referring to the short period of the trials, the various brands and composition of e-cigarettes, electronic liquids and flavorings, in addition to the lack of sample uniformization. In this regard, it is crucial that new studies are conducted to elucidate acute effects and  further investigate chronic impacts of ENDS on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, consequently providing trustworthy scientific evidence in this topic and deconstructing the positive image built by tobacco industry.

  Keywords: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, electronic cigarettes, respiratory system, cardiovascular system.

• Palavras-chave
• sistemas eletrônicos de distribuição de nicotina, cigarros eletrônicos, sistema respiratório, sistema cardiovascular
• Área Temática
• Clínica Médica

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