Analysis of microglial immunological mechanisms during the inflammatory response to infectious exposure by SARS-CoV-2
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Microglia, Neuroinflammation
Faced with a pandemic scenario, neurological manifestations, although not frequent, have been observed in patients affected by COVID-19. An analysis was made about the immunological mechanisms used by microglia when central nervous system (CNS) suffers an infectious process caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in order to find divergent and convergent points of this subject. It is an integrative review, data were collected from June 14th to August 1st, 2020 and, initially, a DecS server (Health Sciences Descriptors) search was performed and the following descriptors were selected: Microglia, Citocinas, Coronavirus, their combinations and variants in English; no descriptor was used alone. Subsequently, 6,725 studies were found by reading the title and abstract and it was possible to exclude 6,718 articles for being duplicated in the databases, published in Spanish and the ones that were a review article. Thus, only 7 articles met the inclusion (answer the guiding question of the research and to be published in 2020) and exclusion criteria mentioned above. After the last reading of the articles previously selected, a final sample of 6 articles published in English in four different countries was obtained and classified in three different study types. The study showed a great participation of microglia as an intermediary of the inflammatory processes resulting from infectious processes by SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses that reflect its infectious mechanism in the CNS. The microglial activity present in patients with diseases that were worsened or triggered by SARS-CoV-2 was also found, demonstrating the role of this defense cell as a stimulator of the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is hoped that this study can contribute to encourage research related to this topic, aiming to promote a cautious look at the CNS immunological reactions present in patients who manifest neurological symptoms resulting from COVID-19.
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