NEUROLOGIC ALTERARIONS ASSOCIATED TO SARS-CoV-2: A LITERATURE REVIEW
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presented a challenge for the global medical community. It is an acute respiratory syndrome, caused by an enveloped virus that has an RNA genome. Although respiratory manifestations are the most common, SARS-CoV-2 can also affect several parts of the body, including the nervous system. Thus, this review aims to analyze the neurological manifestations caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A literature review was carried out, based upon articles that were published between 2019 and 2020 in journals indexed to the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scielo and Lilacs database platforms, using the descriptors “Neurologic Manifestations” AND “covid-19”. Articles that directly addressed the theme, published between 2019 and 2020, which allowed free access to the full text were included. While the articles of systematic review, with an escape from the theme and with clarified methodology were excluded from the study. At the end, 33 articles were selected and engaged for the present study. The categories of neurological complications included encephalopathies, CNS inflammatory syndromes, ischemic stroke, peripheral neurological disorders and diverse central disorders. Neuroimaging techniques and EEG data revealed epileptogenicity and encephalomalacia in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is also an emphasis on the prevalence of neurological signs and symptoms in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The angiotensin 2 receptor (ECA2) is the functional receptor for an invasion of SARS-CoV-2, as the virus binds to ECA2 in host cells and infects cells, then releasing the host's nucleic acid to spread. Currently, there is no proven drug treatment or vaccine. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the monitoring of the virus and referral to specific health agencies to combat this infection.
KEY WORDS: NEUROLOGY , COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
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