The genera Relicina (Hale & Kurok.) Hale and Bulbothrix Hale were segregated from Parmelia on the basis of their marginal bulbate cilia. These two genera differ in the secondary metabolites of their upper cortex, that Relicina contain usnic acid and Bulbothrix have atranorin. During the field excursion in the southern part of Vietnam, some specimens of Parmeliaceae with bulbate cilia were collected. Morphological examination and description were made according to the Vietnamese specimens, secondary compounds were confirmed by TLC and HPLC, and phylogenetic relationship were reconstructed based on three loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU). Consequently, these specimens of Parmeliaceae with bulbate cilia belong to two genera: Relicina and Bulbothrix, of which the genus Relicina was firstly reported from Vietnam, one species Relicina albicans D. Liu & J.S. Hur is newly described, four species: Bulbothrix asiatica Y. Y. Zhang & Li S. Wang, Relicina abstrusa (Vain.) Hale, R. amphithrix Hale, R. gemmulosa (Kurok.) Streimann were newly reported from Vietnam. In addition, the illustration and key to genera Relicina and Bulbothrix in Vietnam were provided in this study.
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