We provide an updated, worldwide key to species of the genus Carbacanthographis, which is characterized by lirellate ascomata, carbonized excipulum, warty periphysoids, and mostly non-amyloid ascospores. New collections and revision of herbarium material revealed 17 species new to science: Carbacanthographis acanthoamicta, C. acanthoparaphysata, C. aggregata, C. amazonica, C. aptrootii, C. brasiliensis, C. chionophoroides, C. halei, C. latispora, C. megalospora, C. multiseptata, C. novoguineensis, C. pseudorustica, C. salazinicoides, C. sipmaniana, C. spongiosa and C. subchionophora. New molecular data confirm the position of C. megalospora in the genus. The world distribution of four species is expanded: C. amicta, previously known from Japan, is reported from Papua New Guinea; C. induta, previously known from Cambodia and Vietnam, is reported from Thailand; C. marcescens, known from Australia, the Solomon Islands, Japan, China, India, USA, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana and Brazil, is reported from French Guyana, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Papua New Guinea; and C. stictica, previously known from Brazil, is reported from Colombia, French Guyana, Venezuela and Suriname. In addition, we propose one new combination, Carbacanthographis nematoides. Most species are also illustrated. Funding: CAPES (Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and IAPT (International Association for Plant Taxonomy).
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