The lichen genera Arthopyrenia A. Massal. and Naetrocymbe Körb both include non-lichenized and lichenized fungi still poorly known in Italy. Despite their widespread distribution, species belonging to these genera are often overlooked and difficult to interpret under the taxonomic profile. This paper presents the first results on the distribution and ecology of species found in Italy, based on information obtained from bibliographic sources, grey literature, examination of exsiccata and field collections. Taking into account all data, the Database of Italian Arthopyrenia and Naetrocymbe (DaIArNa) including nomenclatural, geographical, ecological information, and datum reliability evaluation was set up. The greatest difficulty in data management is the large amount of errors in the species identification, as evidenced by several authors and verified by our revision of samples. The samples examined so far come from recent and historical collections hosted in Italian herbaria (CLU, PAL, PAV, RO, SIENA, TO, TSB), in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E), and in a few private collections. Microscopic observations and measurements of these samples were performed by hand sections examined in water, 0.05% toluidine blue and 10% KOH. Currently (April 2021), DaIArNa contains 403 records related to 20 species: thirteen Arthopyrenia and seven Naetrocymbe. Arthopyrenia cinerescens Massal. and Arthopyrenia subcerasi (Vain.) Zahlbr. are known only for the locus classicus and have not been found anymore. Three are exclusive to Italy: Arthopyrenia coppinsii Ravera, Naetrocymbe mori-albae Puntillo & Ravera, and Arthopyrenia tuscanensis Coppins & Ravera. Species distribution, preferred substrate and/or host phorophyte, key habitats are discussed. DaIArNa is managed by the Working Group for Floristic of the Italian Lichen Society (SLI) and it is available on-line. Additions, changes and enquiries should be addressed to authors.
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