The understanding of tropical lichens is still far from complete when compared with its expected biodiversity, thus requiring more studies to emerging areas such as hotspots of biodiversity like the Atlantic Forest. This biome is characterized by presenting a wide range of biodiversity, and as well as, for being one of the biggest natural environments that still suffers anthropic influence. REBIO Pedra Talhada (PT), located in the borders from Alagoas and Pernambuco, and PARNAH Monte Pascoal (MP), in Bahia, are remnants of Atlantic Forest in Northeast Brazil. The aim of this work is to highlight the diversity of Arthoniales in these areas. Lichen samples were collected in 2018 and 2019, on a total of 120 trees, using knife and hammer to remove the thalli. Then, the samples were observed in the laboratory for identification, and the ecological analyses were performed by the software R. A total of 144 samples of Arthoniales was collected, with 97 to PT and 47 to MP, distributed in 20 genus and 28 species. Herpothallon rubrocinctum, Cryptothecia striata, Lecanactis epileuca, Opegrapha contracta, and O. cylindrica are the species with higher frequency number. The diversity of PT (SHDI 2.52, SIDI 0.87) is slightly higher than the diversity of MP (SHDI 1.96, SIDI 0.83), which can be clarified when the total richness is observed, PT (D = 90) and MP (D = 42). The similarity analyses show that these areas have only six species in common, 18 are only present in PT, and four are present only in MP. It is important to highlight the new record of Coniarthonia wilmsiana to Northeast Brazil, collected in MP. Indeed, the knowledge about the lichen diversity in areas of Atlantic Forest is important to show how different localities contribute with a different species composition, making each spot relevant for conservation.
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