Research in Options 2025 (RiO)

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From 2rd to 7th December Every day from 14h00 to 16h00

About the Event

About the Event

From December 3rd to 7th, 2025, the event “Research in Options: RiO 2025” will take place in person, beginning at Pedra da Laguna, in Búzios (December 3–5), and continuing at Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), in Rio de Janeiro (December 6–7).

This year, the local organization is being carried out jointly by the Brazilian Finance Society (SBFin) and the School of Applied Mathematics of Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EMAp).

This is the 20th edition of a highly successful meeting that has been held at IMPA in the past, and has counted on the presence of a large number of scientists, mathematicians, and practitioners working at the interface of mathematics and finance.

This event is sponsored by FGV EMAp, Bloomberg, and the University of Toronto.

Contributed Talks & Posters

  • Submission deadline: October 15, 2025

Scope

The use of sophisticated mathematical tools in financial engineering—ranging from partial differential equations to stochastic analysis and numerical methods—has been growing steadily during the past few decades. On one hand, mathematical tools and results have impacted the way financial phenomena are modeled and understood, and how risk is assessed and managed. On the other hand, the financial industry has presented a number of mathematical and computational challenges to researchers.

Each edition of RiO has gathered about 100 participants, evenly split between academia and industry. In 2025, we will focus on different aspects of mathematical finance including (but not limited to):

  • Option pricing
  • Fixed income
  • Volatility trading
  • Real options
  • Commodities
  • Algorithmic trading
  • Portfolio and risk management

The conference will take place on December 3–5, 2025, at Pedra da Laguna in Búzios, and will be followed by two days of minicourses (December 6–7) at Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), in Rio de Janeiro, aimed at both practitioners and students.

Organizing & Scientific Committee

  • Vinicius Albani (UFRJ, Brazil)
  • Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg & NYU, USA)
  • Sebastian Jaimungal (University of Toronto, Canada)
  • Yuri Saporito (FGV EMAp, Brazil)
  • Rodrigo Targino (FGV EMAp, Brazil)
  • Jorge P. Zubelli (Khalifa University, UAE)

Keynote Speaker

  • Terry Lyons (University of Oxford, UK)

Invited Speakers

  • Eduardo Abi-Jaber (École Polytechnique, France)
  • Chiara Amorino (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain)
  • Igor Cialenco (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
  • Sam Cohen (University of Oxford, UK)
  • Stéphane Crépey (Université Paris Cité, France)
  • Christa Cuchiero (University of Vienna, Austria)
  • Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg & NYU, USA)
  • Marcelo Fernandes (FGV, Brazil)
  • Marco Frittelli (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy)
  • Julien Guyon (École des Ponts ParisTech, France)
  • Carolina Hoffmann-Becking (Bloomberg, USA)
  • Blanka Nora Horvath (University of Oxford, UK)
  • Sebastian Jaimungal (University of Toronto, Canada)
  • Yerkin Kitapbayev (Khalifa University, UAE)
  • Silvana Pesenti (University of Toronto, Canada)
  • Martin Schweizer (ETH Zurich, Switzerland)
  • Lakshithe Wagalath (IÉSEG School of Management, France)
  • Jorge Zubelli (Khalifa University, UAE)

Minicourses

  • Igor Cialenco (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
  • Carolina Hoffmann-Becking (Bloomberg, USA) and Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg & NYU, USA)
  • Sergio Maffra (King's College London, Riskcare Ltd, UK)
  • Jorge Zubelli (Khalifa University, UAE)

Student Financial Support

A limited number of students will be offered financial support, which includes:

  • Accommodation at the event’s hotel
  • A reduced conference fee (R$50)
  • Round-trip transfer between Rio de Janeiro and Búzios

To apply, please send your most recent university transcripts to researchinoptions@fgv.br
by October 15, 2025.

Contact

FGV EMAp – Escola de Matemática Aplicada
Praia de Botafogo, 190 – 5° andar, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
CEP: 22250-900

Speakers

  • Eduardo Abi-Jaber
  • Chiara Amorino
  • Igor Cialenco
  • Sam Cohen
  • Stephane Crepey
  • Christa Cuchiero
  • Bruno Dupire
  • Marcelo Fernandes
  • Marco Frittelli
  • Julien Guyon
  • Carolina Hoffmann-Becking
  • Blanka Nora Horvath
  • Sebastian Jaimungal
  • Yerkin Kitapbayev
  • Terry Lyons
  • Sergio Maffra
  • Silvana Pesenti
  • Yuri Saporito
  • Martin Schweizer
  • Rodrigo Targino
  • Lakshithe Wagalath
  • Jorge Zubelli

Schedule

14h00 Bus to Búzios Transport
Place: FGV

Bus to Búzios

A chartered bus will take participants from Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), in Rio de Janeiro, to Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa in Búzios on Tuesday, December 2nd, with departure at 14:00.

Boarding will be restricted to authorized participants only. Attendees must be at the designated meeting point at FGV before departure time. The bus will leave strictly at 14:00 and will travel directly to Búzios.

This transfer is part of the official RiO 2025 logistics plan and is available exclusively to participants cleared by the organizing committee.

18h00 Welcome Cocktail Cocktail
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Welcome Cocktail

The Welcome Cocktail will take place on Tuesday, December 2nd, at 18:00 at Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa. This informal gathering marks the official start of RiO 2025 and offers participants an opportunity to meet, reconnect, and network before the beginning of the scientific program.

Drinks and light refreshments will be served in a relaxed setting, providing a pleasant environment for initial conversations among speakers, researchers, and attendees. All authorized participants staying at the hotel are invited to join.

08h30 Opening Remarks Opening
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

The Opening Remarks will inaugurate the 20th edition of Research in Options: RiO 2025, a landmark event in the field of mathematical finance. This session will welcome participants to the conference, introduce the goals and structure of the program, and highlight the significance of this year’s edition, which takes place from December 3rd to 7th, 2025—beginning at Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa in Búzios (December 3–5) and continuing at Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) in Rio de Janeiro (December 6–7).

During the Opening Remarks, the organizing committee will present an overview of the scientific program, including contributed talks, posters, and the two-day series of minicourses. They will introduce this year’s keynote speaker, invited speakers, and minicourse instructors, acknowledging their role in shaping the high-level discussions that define RiO.

This edition is jointly organized by the Brazilian Finance Society (SBFin) and the School of Applied Mathematics of Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EMAp). The Opening Remarks will also recognize the institutions sponsoring the event—FGV EMAp, Bloomberg, and the University of Toronto—whose support reinforces RiO’s tradition of bridging academia and industry.

As the conference enters its 20th year, the Opening Remarks will emphasize RiO’s longstanding mission: to foster scientific exchange, encourage collaboration among mathematicians, economists, and practitioners, and advance the understanding of financial phenomena through rigorous mathematical tools ranging from stochastic processes to numerical methods.

09h00 - Terry Lyons Keynote Speaker | TBA Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Keynote Speaker

  • Terry Lyons (University of Oxford, UK)
10h00 - Bruno Dupire Session Plenary | TBA Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers

  • Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg & NYU)
10h30 Break Interval
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Break

11h00 - Jorge Zubelli Session Plenary 2 | TBA Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers

  • Jorge Zubelli (Khalifa University, UAE)
11h30 - Martin Schweizer A new Volterra-type model for stochastic volatility with an explicit solution Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Martin Schweizer (ETH Zurich)

Session Title: A new Volterra-type model for stochastic volatility with an explicit solution

12h00 - Igor Cialenco Dynamic Groundwater Markets Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speaker: Igor Cialenco (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
Session Title: Dynamic Groundwater Markets

12h30 Lunch break Lunch
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios and FGV

Meals – RiO 2025

Below are the official meal schedules and locations for the Research in Options 2025.

December 3rd, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 4th, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 6th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

December 7th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

15h00 - Rodrigo Targino Session Plenary Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Session Plenary

15h30 - Sebastian Jaimungal Equilibrium Liquidity and Risk Offsetting in Decentralized Markets Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Sebastian Jaimungal (University of Toronto, Canada)

Session Title: Equilibrium Liquidity and Risk Offsetting in Decentralized Markets

16h00 - Lakshithe Wagalath Feedback effects and endogenous volatility: a fixed-point approach Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Lakshithe Wagalath (IÉSEG School of Management, France)

Session Title: Feedback effects and endogenous volatility: a fixed-point approach

16h30 Break Interval
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Break

17h00 Contributed Talks Oral presentation
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Contributed Talks — RiO 2025


December 3rd, 2025 — 17:00 to 18:30

Time for each presentation: 15 minutes

Session — 17:00

17:00 – 17:15

Improved Numerical Method for Solving Binomial Trees for the Black–Scholes Equation
Author: Yedidiah Solowiejczyk — City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York

17:15 – 17:30
The Variational Completion of Concave Multi–Utility Preferences
Authors: Eduardo Fabres, Marcelo Righi — UFRGS

17:30 – 17:45
Interest Rate Expectations over the FOMC Cycle
Author: Kaspar Burghartz — University of Basel

17:45 – 18:00

Set Risk Measures
Authors: Marlon Moresco, Marcelo Righi, Eduardo Horta — UFRGS

18:00 – 18:15

NEWS IV: A Model with News and Implied Volatility for Enhanced Volatility Prediction
Authors: Vítor Gentini, Márcio Issao Nakane — University of São Paulo (USP)

18:15 – 18:30
The Canonical Class of Risk Measures in Wasserstein Duality
Authors: Henrik Karlholm, Marlon Moresco — UFRGS


December 4th, 2025 — 17:00 to 18:45

Time for each presentation: 15 minutes

Session — 17:00

17:00 – 17:15
Why Banks Fail? A Critical Review of Theories of Financial Fragility and Systemic Risk
Authors: Andres Gutierrez, Gustavo Canavire — Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (Economics Degree)

17:15 – 17:30
A Stochastic Markov Auto-Regressive Trend Model for Herding Dynamics in Financial Markets
Authors: Antônio Augusto Cardoso Correia, Sérgio Alvares R. de S. Maffra — ASQ Capital

17:30 – 17:45

Dynkin Games for Lévy Processes
Authors: Andrés Sosa, Ernesto Mordecki, Laura Aspirot — Universidad de la República

17:45 – 18:00
Modeling Stochastic Processes for Optimal Hedging in Incomplete Markets
Authors: João Ramos Jungblut, Marcelo Brutti Righi — UFRGS

18:00 – 18:15
Discount for Illiquidity: Where Do We Stand?
Author: Marcus da Costa Moraes — Wulaia Consultoria e Assessoria Financeira Ltda.

18:15 – 18:30
A Real-Options Binomial-Model Approach to Short-Term Rental Investments on Platforms such as Airbnb and Booking
Authors: Pedro Victor Tonial Tamer, João Carlos Souza Félix — University of Brasília (UnB)


09h00 - Yuri Saporito Implied fees in liquidity pools Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Yuri Saporito (FGV EMAp)

Session Title: Implied fees in liquidity pools

09h30 - Julien Guyon Reconciling P- and Q-Calibration: The Discrete-Time 4-Factor Path-Dependent Volatility Model Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Julien Guyon (École des Ponts ParisTech, France)

Session Title: Reconciling P- and Q-Calibration: The Discrete-Time 4-Factor Path-Dependent Volatility Model

10h00 - Stephane Crepey Comparison of Tax and Cap-and-Trade Carbon Pricing Schemes Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Stéphane Crépey (Université Paris Cité, France)

Session Title: Comparison of Tax and Cap-and-Trade Carbon Pricing Schemes

10h30 Break Interval
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Break

11h00 - Chiara Amorino Minimax rate for multivariate data under componentwise local differential privacy constraints Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Marco Frittelli (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy)

Session Title: Minimax rate for multivariate data under componentwise local differential privacy constraints

11h30 - Sam Cohen Liquidity provision, market making and the design of rebates Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Chiara Amorino (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain)

Session Title: Liquidity provision, market making and the design of rebates

12h00 - Eduardo Abi-Jaber Efficient Simulation of Affine Volterra Processes: From Heston to Hawkes Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speaker: Eduardo Abi-Jaber (École Polytechnique, France)
Session Title: Efficient Simulation of Affine Volterra Processes: From Heston to Hawkes

12h30 Lunch break Lunch
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios and FGV

Meals – RiO 2025

Below are the official meal schedules and locations for the Research in Options 2025.

December 3rd, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 4th, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 6th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

December 7th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

15h00 - Silvana Pesenti Marginal Fairness: Fair Decision-Making under Risk Measures Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Silvana Pesenti (University of Toronto, Canada)

Session Title: Marginal Fairness: Fair Decision-Making under Risk Measures

15h30 - Blanka Nora Horvath Statistical Aspects of Signature Maximum Mean Discrepancy Two-Sample Tests Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Blanka Nora Horvath (University of Oxford)

Session Title: Statistical Aspects of Signature Maximum Mean Discrepancy Two-Sample Tests

16h00 - Marco Frittelli Collective Phenomena in Financial Markets: Arbitrage, No Free Lunch, Individual Rationality Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Marco Frittelli (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy)

Session Title: Collective Phenomena in Financial Markets: Arbitrage, No Free Lunch, Individual Rationality

16h30 Break Interval
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Break

17h00 Contributed Talks Oral presentation
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Contributed Talks — RiO 2025


December 3rd, 2025 — 17:00 to 18:30

Time for each presentation: 15 minutes

Session — 17:00

17:00 – 17:15

Improved Numerical Method for Solving Binomial Trees for the Black–Scholes Equation
Author: Yedidiah Solowiejczyk — City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York

17:15 – 17:30
The Variational Completion of Concave Multi–Utility Preferences
Authors: Eduardo Fabres, Marcelo Righi — UFRGS

17:30 – 17:45
Interest Rate Expectations over the FOMC Cycle
Author: Kaspar Burghartz — University of Basel

17:45 – 18:00

Set Risk Measures
Authors: Marlon Moresco, Marcelo Righi, Eduardo Horta — UFRGS

18:00 – 18:15

NEWS IV: A Model with News and Implied Volatility for Enhanced Volatility Prediction
Authors: Vítor Gentini, Márcio Issao Nakane — University of São Paulo (USP)

18:15 – 18:30
The Canonical Class of Risk Measures in Wasserstein Duality
Authors: Henrik Karlholm, Marlon Moresco — UFRGS


December 4th, 2025 — 17:00 to 18:45

Time for each presentation: 15 minutes

Session — 17:00

17:00 – 17:15
Why Banks Fail? A Critical Review of Theories of Financial Fragility and Systemic Risk
Authors: Andres Gutierrez, Gustavo Canavire — Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (Economics Degree)

17:15 – 17:30
A Stochastic Markov Auto-Regressive Trend Model for Herding Dynamics in Financial Markets
Authors: Antônio Augusto Cardoso Correia, Sérgio Alvares R. de S. Maffra — ASQ Capital

17:30 – 17:45

Dynkin Games for Lévy Processes
Authors: Andrés Sosa, Ernesto Mordecki, Laura Aspirot — Universidad de la República

17:45 – 18:00
Modeling Stochastic Processes for Optimal Hedging in Incomplete Markets
Authors: João Ramos Jungblut, Marcelo Brutti Righi — UFRGS

18:00 – 18:15
Discount for Illiquidity: Where Do We Stand?
Author: Marcus da Costa Moraes — Wulaia Consultoria e Assessoria Financeira Ltda.

18:15 – 18:30
A Real-Options Binomial-Model Approach to Short-Term Rental Investments on Platforms such as Airbnb and Booking
Authors: Pedro Victor Tonial Tamer, João Carlos Souza Félix — University of Brasília (UnB)


19h00 Conference Dinner Jantar
Place: Comune | Restaurante e Bar em Búzios

Conference Dinner

The Conference Dinner will take place on Thursday, December 4th, from 19:00 to 23:00, at COMUNE | Restaurant & Bar, located at Geribá Surf, Porto da Barra, Búzios.
Address: Píer de Manguinhos, Armação dos Búzios – RJ, 28950-000.

This is an à-la-carte, pay-your-own-bill event. Participants are welcome to join the dinner and enjoy a relaxed evening with live music in one of Búzios’ most charming waterfront locations. The venue offers a vibrant atmosphere ideal for informal conversations and networking after the conference sessions.

All participants are invited to attend, but seating is subject to the restaurant’s availability.

09h30 - Christa Cuchiero Generative AI for finance: modeling with neural and signature stochastic differential equations Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Christa Cuchiero (University of Vienna, Austria)

Session Title: Generative AI for finance: modeling with neural and signature stochastic differential equations

10h00 - Yerkin Kitapbayev An irreversible investment problem with a learning-by-doing feature Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speakers: Lakshithe Wagalath (IÉSEG School of Management, France)

Session Title: An irreversible investment problem with a learning-by-doing feature

10h30 - Marcelo Fernandes Portfolio allocation with transaction costs Lecture International Session
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Invited Speaker: Marcelo Fernandes (FGV, Brazil)
Session Title: Portfolio Allocation with Transaction Costs

11h00 Coffee Break Coffee break
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

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12h00 Bus to Rio Transport
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios

Bus to Rio

A chartered bus will transport all RiO 2025 participants from Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa (Búzios) to Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) in Rio de Janeiro on December 5th. This transfer marks the transition to the final two days of the event, which will take place at the FGV campus.

Participants should be at the hotel’s main entrance at the scheduled departure time. The bus will leave promptly and will drive directly to FGV. Additional details regarding the exact departure time and estimated arrival will be provided during the conference.

This service is included in the event logistics and is the official transportation arranged for all attendees.

10h00 - Jorge Zubelli Inverse Problems and Calibration in Finance and Energy Short course
Place: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)

Minicourse: Jorge Zubelli (Khalifa University, UAE)
Title: Inverse Problems and Calibration in Finance and Energy

12h00 Lunch break Lunch
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios and FGV

Meals – RiO 2025

Below are the official meal schedules and locations for the Research in Options 2025.

December 3rd, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 4th, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 6th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

December 7th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

14h00 - Igor Cialenco Risk Estimation Short course
Place: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)

Minicourse: Igor Cialenco (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
Title: Risk Estimation

10h00 - Bruno Dupire, Carolina Hoffmann-Becking Tools for Quantitative Research Short course
Place: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)

Minicourse: Carolina Hoffmann-Becking (Bloomberg, USA) and Bruno Dupire (Bloomberg, USA)
Title: Tools for Quantitative Research

12h00 Lunch break Lunch
Place: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios and FGV

Meals – RiO 2025

Below are the official meal schedules and locations for the Research in Options 2025.

December 3rd, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 4th, 2025

Time: 12:30 – 15:00
Location: Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa, Búzios

December 6th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

December 7th, 2025

Time: 12:00 – 14:00
Location: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), Rio de Janeiro

14h00 - Sergio Maffra Tackling computational bottlenecks in quantitative finance Short course
Place: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)

Minicourse: Sergio Maffra (Senior Quant Developer)
Title: Tackling Computational Bottlenecks in Quantitative Finance

Carregando área de inscrição

Place

Pedra da Laguna Hotel Boutique & Spa Búzios, 28951-021, Rua Amélia Tardelli da Silva, Ferradura, Armação dos Búzios, Rio de Janeiro
See on map

Sponsors

Organizer

Brazilian Society of Finance (SBFin) and School of Applied Mathematics (FGV EMAp)